Production of Generator Gas from Biomass and Fuels from Waste on a Small Scale

Biomass fuels, biomass wastes, and fuels formed from waste containing biomass are thermically transformed to generate energy, or (as in the case of waste and fuels from waste), their disposal with simultaneous recovery of chemical energy stored in them. The process that enables processing of biomass fuels or waste into a combustible gas (called syngas) is gasification. This chapter presents and discusses the results of gasification: waste wood biomass, olive pits, and wood biomass, with the addition of rapeseed meal grain and fuel from refuse-derived fuel (RDF) waste with an additive called Bio-CONOx. The produced gas can be burned directly in the boiler or, after cleaning, burned in the engine, for example, a Stirling engine or gas turbine. In power boilers, it can also be used as a reburning gas to reduce NOx. The research was directed to the production of a generator gas with an increased share of methane. In the last section, the gas microturbine model is presented. The proposed new technologies can be implemented in dispersed energy (including prosumer) systems to generate electricity and heat in low-power cogeneration facilities (e.g., up to 0.5 MW), and in off-grid power systems. The generator gas produced in such conditions can also be burnt in gas microturbines, in which the calorific value of the gas with the lowest value of 10 MJ/m 3 is the preferred value of the producers, for example, a Capstone. It is therefore often a barrier value for this way of syngas application because gas is produced from waste fuel—it is not natural fuel, created in many known devices of other systems.