2018Pakistan Journal of Gender StudiesOpen access

Revisiting Gender And Feminism: Global And Pakistani Perspectives

Shabana Shamaas Gul Khattak

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Abstract

This study elaborates a discussion of my previous studies; ‘Feminism in Education’1 and ‘Synthesising Feminists’ Theories2. Here, I analyse the three waves of feminism through my feminist lens of liberal, socialist/Marxist, radical and Islamic feminism. I argue that the waves of feminism enhance our understanding about gender struggle for equality around the global. However the differences of processes and parameters of discrimination are varies from society to society and culture to culture. Unknowably, feminism in Pakistan has been alive since the freedom struggle from the British imperialism for their national cause. However lack of education and patriarchy increase the gender gap in the country and make men more powerful. I concluded that only higher education can transform women own beliefs to defend and fight for themselves by productive positive arguments with their family men. It does not mean they are violating their religion or ethical values.

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What this paper is about

This study elaborates a discussion of my previous studies; ‘Feminism in Education’1 and ‘Synthesising Feminists’ Theories2. Here, I analyse the three waves of feminism through my feminist lens of liberal, socialist/Marxist, radical and Islamic feminism. I argue that the waves of feminism enhance our understanding about gender struggle for equality around the global. However the differences of processes and parameters of discrimination are varies from society to society and culture to culture. Unknowably, feminism in Pakistan has been alive since the freedom struggle from the British imperialism for their national cause. However lack of education and patriarchy increase the gender gap in the country and make men more powerful. I concluded that only higher education can transform women own beliefs to defend and fight for themselves by productive positive arguments with their family men. It does not mean they are violating their religion or ethical values.

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Available abstract

This study elaborates a discussion of my previous studies; ‘Feminism in Education’1 and ‘Synthesising Feminists’ Theories2. Here, I analyse the three waves of feminism through my feminist lens of liberal, socialist/Marxist, radical and Islamic feminism. I argue that the waves of feminism enhance our understanding about gender struggle for equality around the global. However the differences of processes and parameters of discrimination are varies from society to society and culture to culture. Unknowably, feminism in Pakistan has been alive since the freedom struggle from the British imperialism for their national cause. However lack of education and patriarchy increase the gender gap in the country and make men more powerful. I concluded that only higher education can transform women own beliefs to defend and fight for themselves by productive positive arguments with their family men. It does not mean they are violating their religion or ethical values.

Key concepts: Feminism, Gender studies, Patriarchy, Sociology, Islam, Gender equality, Marxist philosophy, Political science

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