Review Article on Phytoremediation and Other Remediation Technologies of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals

Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem.There are many remediation methods to clean the soil which includes physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods.Physical and chemical methods have many disadvantages and harmful effects but biological methods are now a day's very useful and have many advantages.One of the biological methods is Phytoremediation.It is one of the best methods to clean up the metal contaminants.It inhibits the contaminants of soil and heavy metals which are harmful for plants and for humans.If we are engulfing the food which contains heavy metals cause many harmful diseases which would be fatal and harmful.It is a green technology with good public perception.There are many molecular studies which will improve the efficacy of Phytoremediation.This review presents the status of Phytoremediation technologies with particular emphasis on Phytoextraction, Phytodegradation and Rhizofilteration of soil heavy metal contamination.Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot be degraded, and cleanup usually requires their removal.Most of the conventional remedial technologies are expensive and inhibit the soil fertility; this subsequently causes negative impacts on the ecosystem.So Phytoremediation is one of the cost effective and environmental friendly procedures.Soil is the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.Soil is the basic environmental elements constituting ecosystem, and the important material basis of human being surviving and developing.Soil contains many harmful contaminants like heavy metals which should be harmful for plants and humans and it should be removed or degraded by different methods.The removal of contaminants, pollutants and other undesirable products from soil sludge's, sediments, surface water and ground water is known as remediation.The soil constitute surface of earth crust.There are different methods to remove the contaminants which include physical, chemical and biological methods.The pollution of water and contamination of soil by