Degradation of the Incretin Hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) by Enterococcus faecalis Metalloprotease GelE

Humans have a complex and interconnected relationship with their gastrointestinal microbiomes, yet our interest in the microbiome tends to focus on overt pathogenic or probiotic activities, leaving the roles that commensal species may have on host physiology and metabolic processes largely unexplored. Commensal organisms in the microbiome produce and secrete many factors that have an opportunity to interact with the gastrointestinal tract and host biology. Here, we show that a secreted protease from E. faecalis , GelE, is able to degrade the gastrointestinal hormone GLP-1, which is responsible for regulating glucose homeostasis and appetite in the body. The disruption of natural GLP-1 signaling by GelE may have significant consequences for maintaining healthy blood glucose levels and in the development of metabolic disease. Furthermore, this work deepens our understanding of specific host-microbiome interactions.