A Comparative Study of Classical and Quantum Cryptography

As security of data is of utmost importance nowadays, the field of cryptography gets extensive attention. The classical cryptography which uses laws of mathematics is losing its value as the data is not much secure as it can be easily accessed by eavesdropper; also the size of data is limited. According to Moore’s law, the transistor counts will double every two years; this statement won’t be substantial one day. Since the computer field is moving in the era of quantum, the need of the hour is to design a cryptography method which involves security at the quantum level. Quantum cryptography is fast, effective and very important technology for protecting the security in future communication. It uses laws of quantum physics, i.e., it uses properties of light and quantum mechanics for cryptographic operations. This paper provides a study on quantum cryptography and how it is better than the existing classical cryptography.