A Review on Design and Performance Evaluation of Solar Cells and Panels

In the era of green energy evolution, the design of efficient solar cell has become a potential area for the researchers. A semiconductor based solar cell converts light energy directly into electricity through photovoltaic effect. This reviewdescribes a comparative analysis for different generationsof photovoltaic (PV) solar cells to achieve high conversion efficiency from PV solar systems.The fabrication of solar cells has gone through several modifications in process steps from 1st-generation to 4th-generation solar cell. The conventional solar cells are mainly based on solid state material like Si cell that were grown on single crystal Si wafers. Paper deals withdevelopment ofthin-filmbased solar cell including dye sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells with more improvement in cell efficiency. The present paper covers the development of solar cell based on material, technology and fabrication steps to achieve efficient solar cell with high conversion efficiency.