Hydrology of Wetlands

Abstract Because wetlands have important functions and values, understanding their hydrology can lead to better management and enhance the success of restoration activities. The hydrogeomorphic classification of wetlands includes assessment of the main water sources and direction of flow for several types of wetlands. Movement of water in and out of wetlands is driven by potential gradients due to gravity, matric forces, and osmotic pressure. A key to wetland hydrology is the development of a water budget that covers inputs, outputs, and storage. Hydrology can be measured with precipitation gauges, monitoring wells, piezometers, gaging stations, and related devices. Hydrology can also be modeled with a variety of computer simulation models such as those that use geographical information systems. Soil and geologic properties influence the location of wetlands on the landscape with concave and convergent areas more likely to be wet. Management of wetlands is strongly influenced by their hydroperiod, which determines the plants that will be best suited for that area.