Can Migration be a Conduit for Transformative Youth Employment?

Abstract Migration has traditionally been considered a necessary component of the transformation process. However, without a green revolution or government-sponsored industrialization, which sparked the creation of jobs outside of the agricultural sector, it is unclear whether observed youth migration patterns in Africa correspond with occupation mobility. Panel data collected in four African countries are used to explore whether migration offers youth access to more transformative forms of employment following the traditional pathways of structural change. We present statistics on sectoral diversification, movement into high-return versus low-return non-agricultural occupations, as well as income growth by youth migration status. Our findings suggest migration is potentially welfare-enhancing. Secondary towns will be of increasing importance to attract talent and promote growth, given constraints on travel and risks of securing employment in urban locations.