Atmospheric Correction and Water Surface Issues for Aquatic Applications of Landsat 8

Landsat 8 has a higher radiometric resolution than the previous Landsat series which offers the possibility that, if well processed, the data will be more suitable for effective monitoring of coastal and inland waters. In this paper, as part of a validation of Landsat 8 surface reflectance over water surfaces, some issues in calibration and radiative transfer modelling are investigated. Atmospheric correction using the MODTRAN 5.4 radiative transfer model is applied to Landsat 8 images at a site in Northern Queensland where ground aerosol and water reflectance measurements are available from an AERONET site to create a matched data series. The atmospheric corrections included aerosol and Rayleigh scattering, gas and aerosol absorption as well as sky and sun glint effects. The surface reflectance values from Landsat 8 were then compared with surface reflectance measurements. The results show that with a suitable solar irradiance model and accounting for surface roughness, the retrieved surface reflectance values have good agreement with surface measured values. It also achieves an acceptable reflectance signature for inland and ocean water. These signature are very important for inland water quality and shallow water bathymetry application.