Factor Structures of Reasons for Immigration Among Older Asian and Latino Immigrants in the United States

BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES: Although reasons for immigration are significant predictors of immigrants' health, factor structures of reasons for immigration are still unclear among older immigrants. The present study examined the factor structure of reasons for immigration among older Asian and Latino immigrants in the United States. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Drawn from the National Latino and Asian American Study, 396 Latino and 298 Asian immigrants over 55 years of age were selected for analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for nine items concerning reasons for immigration in each immigrant group. RESULTS: Three factors were extracted from both Asian and Latino immigrant elders: (a) "voluntary reasons" to pursue development, (b) "involuntary reasons" due to uncontrollable situations, and (c) "semivoluntary reasons" regarding family/medical duties. While immigration to join family members was located in the "semivoluntary reasons" factor among older Asian immigrants, it was located in the "voluntary reasons" factor among older Latino immigrants. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that three underlying factors of reasons for immigration should be understood considering the different characteristics of two racial/ethnic groups of immigrants. In addition, a migratory reason to join the family should be considered differently for elderly Asian and Latino immigrants. This three-factor framework of reasons for immigration can help clinicians provide more culturally sensitive interventions for older minority immigrants.