Sensory processing in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders

Sensory symptoms are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) but the patterns of these symptoms vary. Early assessment of sensory processing is therefore crucial for diagnosis and early intervention. However, studies in this area are conducted almost exclusively in English-speaking populations. In our study, we examined sensory processing in 380 toddlers: 96 with ASD, 42 with other developmental disabilities (DD), and 242 typically developing (TD) controls. Caregivers completed a Polish version of the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). Results showed that children with ASD and those with DD were more hypo- and hypersensitive and showed more avoidance of stimulation than TD controls. Children with DD had less severe symptoms than those with ASD and showed higher levels of sensation seeking than the ASD and TD groups. Furthermore, we identified four sensory subtypes with different sensory thresholds and regulatory strategies. Two of them reflected healthy patterns of sensory processing: a healthy-active and a healthy-passive subtype. The third subtype was characterized by mild sensory symptoms. The fourth pattern was specific to toddlers with ASD and included severe sensory symptoms and avoidance of stimulation. The Polish ITSP may be a useful instrument in early diagnosis of ASD, as well as in future research.