White matter hyperintensities and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Background and Purpose: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are frequently encountered in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Focal grey matter atrophy has been linked to NPS development. Cerebrovascular disease can cause focal lesions and is common among AD patients. As cerebrovascular disease can be detected on MRI as white matter hyperintensities (WMH), this study evaluated WMH burden in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD and normal controls and determined their relationship with NPS. Methods: NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and grouped into subsyndromes. WMH were measured using an automatic segmentation technique and mean deformation-based morphometry was used to measure atrophy of grey matter regions. Results: WMHs and grey matter atrophy both contributed significantly to NPS subsyndromes in MCI and AD subjects, however, WMH burden played a greater role. Conclusions: This study could provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of NPS in AD.