Frequency Map Analysis of the MAX IV Storage Rings

As a beam of particles moves through a storage ring each particle will perform transverse oscillations as a result of the focusing magnetic fields it encounters. The amount of transverse oscillations performed in a single revolution of the ring is known as the particle's betatron tune. The goal of this project was to investigate the tunes by instigating an oscillation using a short-lived, strong magnetic field to cause a disturbance to the entire beam. This was performed and positional data was collected throughout the ring. This data, and its oscillating patterns, was analyzed using an algorithm similar to a Fourier transform in order to find the beam's tune. Furthermore, investigating the tune's change between turns traveled in the storage ring allowed for a rough measurement of the beam's stability. The resulting frequency maps, maps of the betatron tune in the two transverse planes, showed the effect on the beam when it is situated at certain tunes. This provides insight into areas of tune to avoid or seek out during operations. The project was successful in creating these maps, although further studies into areas of interest within the results could be advantageous.