Continuity and Interruption of Tusi System in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

The southwest Tusi system in Chinese history has experienced the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, with a history of nearly 700 years. Due to the different social conditions and intentions of the rulers at that time, the Tusi system had different characteristics in different times, and its path was very complicated. From the establishment of the Tusi system to the implementation of land reform, from the use of barbarians to "sinicization", through observing the policy formulation process of each dynasty, we can clearly see the continuity and discontinuity of the Tusi system in the history of the Chinese empire.