Resistance in the Environmental Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, is common in the environment. Azole-resistant strains of A. fumigatus have recently been discovered in the environment. Acquisition of azole resistance has been considered to occur through unexpected selection due to fungicide use in agriculture. This review discusses the relationships of humans with A. fumigatus in the environment and the importance of anthropogenic activities in the spread of A. fumigatus worldwide.