A generic change model for the effective implementation of information systems

This article describes the need for an increased emphasis for change management and how it affects the information systems (IS) practitioner. Computer-based systems have become highly integrated into everyday business activities and the successful implementation of new information technology will depend upon not only the technical strength of the information system but, importantly, the effective management of organizational change. Organizational change issues are identified as planning for change, ensuring appropriate change leadership, creating a readiness for change, managing resistance to change, managing the transition, implementing and evaluating the change. A conceptual change model is derived for use in a systems development environment. This model proposes four main phases: orientation, preparation, implementation and support. Specific activities and deliverables are detailed for each segment. The proposed change model is matched to the Systems Development Life Cycle, showing where change management tasks could be incorporated into an overall project workplan.