2019•2019 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS)Requires access

4D Antennas Design and Technology – the State of the Art

Józef Modelski, Yevhen Yashchyshyn, Grzegorz Bogdan

Abstract

The 4D (four-dimensional) antenna array introduces time as an additional degree of freedom in antenna beamforming. Periodical on/off switching applied to each element of the antenna array leads to generation of sidebands which are suitable for multi-channel transmission and smart beamforming. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art in the area of 4D antennas with focus on technical limitations and achievable performance.

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Key concepts: Beamforming, Smart antenna, Reconfigurable antenna, Antenna (radio), Electronic engineering, Computer science, Focus (optics), Directional antenna