Human Resource Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

This chapter has presented an overview of the historical, cultural, social, and economic context in which vocational education and training (VET) and Human Resource Development (HRD) take place in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region, with a focus on the eight countries within this region that joined the EU in 2004. Perhaps the most striking finding was how highly heterogeneous countries within this region are in relation to almost all measures examined. It then examines the vocational and educational training (VET) systems. The chapter also examines the extent of social cohesion, labor market and business regulation, and the extent of trade union membership in the eight countries. Finally, it provides a discussion on some issues arising, and makes some concluding remarks. In terms of the future outlook for the region, the role of innovation is likely to be of great importance, and it is widely acknowledged that there is a strong correlation between innovation rates, human capital, and HRD.