Several Methods for Constructing White-box Solutions

Abstract White-box cryptography is an important countermeasure for providing software security in untrusted environments. While almost all public white-box solutions have been broken, the methods for constructing such solutions are worth learning. In this paper, we introduce several classic methods for constructing white-box solutions. The methods are divided into two categories: those that make the white-box solutions functionally equivalent to existing ciphers, and those that do not. In each category, we explain each method using steps and figures. Our introduction covers almost all the general methods for constructing white-box solutions and aims at presenting a full overview of white-box designs.