Viruses infecting cool season crops in the northern Turkey

Virus diseases of cool season vegetable crops (mainly cabbage, white and red head cabbage, broccoli, kale, radish, rocket salad, garden cress, and turnip) were surveyed in Bafra Plain, Turkey during winter 2017, and 2018. Leaf samples were collected from different species of the Brassicaceae family showing mosaic, mottling, necrotic spots, malformation, and chlorosis symptoms. These samples were tested for the presence of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), Radish mosaic virus (RaMV), Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), and Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) by biological and serological methods. A total of 455 samples were collected from cole crop fields and tested for the seven viruses by double-antibody sandwich ELISA using specific polyclonal antibodies. According to the results, out of these, 7 % of the samples were infected by at least one of these viruses. TuMV was the most prevalent virus detected in cole crops. TuMV, CaMV, and CMV were detected in 3 %, 2 %, and 2 % of infected samples, respectively, and the infection rate of these three viruses changed significantly among Brassica species.