Lq Norms of Fekete and Related Polynomials

Abstract A Littlewood polynomial is a polynomial in ℂ[z] having all of its coefficients in {−1, 1}. There are various old unsolved problems, mostly due to Littlewood and Erdos, that ask for Littlewood polynomials that provide a good approximation to a function that is constant on the complex unit circle, and in particular have small Lq normon the complex unit circle. We consider the Fekete polynomials where p is an odd prime and (· |p) is the Legendre symbol (so that z-1fp(z) is a Littlewood polynomial). We give explicit and recursive formulas for the limit of the ratio of Lq and L2 norm of fp when q is an even positive integer and p → ∞. To our knowledge, these are the first results that give these limiting values for specific sequences of nontrivial Littlewood polynomials and infinitely many q. Similar results are given for polynomials obtained by cyclically permuting the coefficients of Fekete polynomials and for Littlewood polynomials whose coefficients are obtained from additive characters of finite fields. These results vastly generalise earlier results on the L4 norm of these polynomials.