Semitotal domination in trees

In this paper, we study a parameter that is squeezed between arguably the two important domination parameters, namely the domination number, $γ(G)$, and the total domination number, $γ_t(G)$. A set $S$ of vertices in $G$ is a semitotal dominating set of $G$ if it is a dominating set of $G$ and every vertex in S is within distance $2$ of another vertex of $S$. The semitotal domination number, $γ_{t2}(G)$, is the minimum cardinality of a semitotal dominating set of $G$. We observe that $γ(G)\leq γ_{t2}(G)\leq γ_t(G)$. In this paper, we give a lower bound for the semitotal domination number of trees and we characterize the extremal trees. In addition, we characterize trees with equal domination and semitotal domination numbers.