Osteonecrosis of the Jaw associated with the Use of Bisphosphonates

ABSTRACT The bisphosphonates (BPs) are drugs used to treat metabolic bone diseases involving intense bone resorption. These compounds are capable of altering the bone remodeling by decreasing osteoclast activity. However, the changes that these drugs cause to the bones of patients without a history of cervico-facial radiotherapy can result in a complication called osteonecrosis of the jaw, which is caused by dental surgery, trauma or infections. Osteonecrosis of the jaw is characterized by an exposed necrotic bone in the maxillofacial region, persisting for prolonged periods without complete healing. Based on clinical experience and literature review, the aim of the present study was to describe a clinical case of a patient with osteoporosis taking alendronate (Fosamax®) to control the progression of the disease with a characteristic clinical condition of osteonecrosis of the jaw. We evaluated the etiological factors, the relationship between BPs and osteonecrosis of the jaw, the mechanisms of action and possible treatments. How to cite this article Diniz RS, Maciel FJL, De Almeida Bastos Maciel A, Araújo MAR, Lamha APF, Bandeca MC, Pereira EM. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw associated with the Use of Bisphosphonates. World J Dent 2015;6(2):116-122.