How to weigh a star using a moon

Abstract We show that for a transiting exoplanet accompanied by a moon which also transits, the absolute masses and radii of the star, planet and moon are determinable. For a planet–star system, it is well known that the density of the star is calculable from the light curve by manipulation of Kepler's Third Law. In an analogous way, the planetary density is calculable for a planet–moon system which transits a star, and thus the ratio-of-densities is known. By combining this ratio with the observed ratio-of-radii and the radial velocity measurements of the system, we show that the absolute dimensions of the star and planet are determinable. This means such systems could be used as calibrators of stellar evolution. The detection of dynamical effects, such as transit timing variations, allows the absolute mass of the moon to be determined as well, which may be combined with the radius to infer the satellite's composition.