Recuperation of Regenerative Braking Energy in Electric Rail Transit Systems

Electric rail transit systems are the large consumers of energy. In trains with regenerative braking capability, a fraction of the energy used to power a train is regenerated during braking. This regenerated energy, if not properly captured, is typically dumped in the form of heat to avoid overvoltage. Finding a way to recuperate regenerative braking energy can result in economic as well as technical merits. In this comprehensive paper, the various methods and technologies that were proposed for regenerative energy recuperation have been analyzed, investigated, and compared. These technologies include: train timetable optimization, energy storage systems (onboard and wayside), and reversible substations.