The Effect of Dust and Plasma of Enceladus' Geysers on Saturn's E-Ring

Saturn's E-ring was discovered in 1966 and it is connected with materials ejected out from areas (Tiger Stripes) around the south pole of Enceladus. Geysers of Enceladus, consisting of organic materials, are main sources of the E ring formation. It is believed that global ocean exists beneath the surface of Enceladus, which may support life in an extreme environment. The surface of Enceladus has pure water-ice. The detected ammonia in geysers decreases the water freeze point, so that water may be in liquid phase. Besides by Saturn, geological activities on Enceladus are caused by the 2:1 orbital resonance of Enceladus and Dione. The activity causes geyser's plasma and icy dust may be trapped in the gravity of Saturn, and thus produces the E-ring. Study of Enceladus' geyser activities and their influences on E ring (in the aspect of disks configuration) was conducted by making use of data of the ejected plasma and dust. The data were recorded by Cassini detectors on three events, i.e. March 12, August 11, and October 31, 2008. The data were provided at Planetary Data System (PDS) NASA (https://pds.nasa.gov). Moreover, ephemerides data of Enceladus, Cassini, Saturn, and other satellites, were taken from JPL NASA HORIZONS (https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi) for figuring out the events (observations). Regarding distances of Dione relative to Enceladus, the mean-motion resonance of Enceladus and Dione occurs in equatorial configuration, so that this plays a major role on Tiger Stripes compared to other satellites. Analyzing to data performances reveals no regular cycle and the data vary caused by the geysers. The number of dust and mass increases along the three events, while that of plasma decreases. Free Hydrogen has been detected on Enceladus and this indicates methanogenesis reaction in Enceladus' subsurface ocean. Aqueous weathering on metal silicate core acquires clay which forms the hydrogel that preserves amino acids and DNA. Key Words: Enceladus, E-Ring, Saturn, Cassini