Non-Traditional Pyrometallurgical Processes Applied to Metals, Slags and Concentrates

Examples of non-traditional pyrometallurgical processes applied to metals, slags and concentrates are presented, focusing on products valorization, environmental friendly processes and valuable metals production. Niobium concentrate can be refined by selective carbothermic reduction. Niobium powder or niobium sub-oxides powders can be produced by metalothemic or hydrogen reduction. High pure silicon can be produced by plasma, vacuum, reactive gases, slag and controlled solidification treatments. Titaniferous slag can be produced by titanium ore reduction in self-reducing pellets. Steelmaking slags can be valorized by molten slag treatment and appropriated cooling rates. Fundamental aspects of these processes from thermodynamic and kinetic point of view are highlighted showing the huge potential of pyrometallurgy for metallurgical industries.