The Physical Nature of Velocity

Physics today has an ambiguous attitude towards ‘velocity’. On the one hand it considers it a “relative” characteristic of which the numerical value depends on any fortuitously chosen reference frame. On the other hand that same physics tells us that velocity has an absolute upper limit, which is the speed of light. This duality is caused by the fact that the Lorentz transformations accomplish a purely mathematical bridging between a relative velocity at low speeds and an absolute velocity at the speed of light, which produces a length contraction, a time dilation and a mass increase. But it is not clear whether these are observational or physical phenomena, which has led to a number of contradictions, such as e.g. the “twin paradox”. According to the present Standard Model, the Universe must have started with massless particles and then something happened in a way that some particles acquired mass and variable velocity by the arising of the Higgs field. In this paper the author demonstrates that this massless origin of matter, strongly indicates that elementary mass particles (such as e.g. electrons or quarks) are in fact multi-particle systems that consist of entangled massless particles like e.g. photons. This allows him to establish a general speed equation, that expresses the variable speed of an elementary mass particle system in function of the degree of congruence of the repetitive motions of its massless components. In that way, the obvious fact that the ‘size’ of a dynamic particle system is the area that is covered by the repetitive motions of its basic components leads in a natural way to the Lorentz contraction of moving mass particle systems in their direction of motion, which is demonstrated to be a real physical distortion. This allows the author to conclude that the Special Theory of Relativity is a kinematic, observational theory, but that its so-called ‘relativistic’ equations, like e.g. the length contraction and the time dilation, describe real, physical phenomena. This reveals the physical nature of mass particles as 3-dimensional particle-wave systems that can vary their speed in 3 directions and the physical nature of photons as 2-dimensional particle-wave systems, that proceed at an invariable speed and that have mass characteristics (such as variable speed and variable linear momentum) only in directions perpendicular to their invariable speed.