Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture from Industrial Flue Gas: A Review

Rapid industrialization and lots of human activities cause the emission of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. Global warming and climate change are the two main effects due to more concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. A large amount of CO 2 emits from fossil fuel-based power plants, and then it goes to the environment. So, it should be separated and captured before sequestration. In pre-combustion capture, the transformation of carbon fuel to carbon-less fuel occurs. The CO 2 concentration and pressure are much higher in this type of capture process than that of post-combustion capture. Various technologies are available for CO 2 separation from fossil fuel combustion power plants. They are absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation. Adsorption is defined as the process by which molecules contained in the liquid and gaseous mixture adhere to the solid surface until equilibrium is reached. Carbon-based material have high surface area, low cost, and are easy for surface functionalization and pore structure modification.