Innate Immune Recognition of the Pathogenic Fungus by Toll-Like Receptors

Innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens.Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are important components of pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs) of the innate immune system,which enable early recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) derived from pathogenic fungus.This recognition triggers the innate immune responses to assure host protection through the induction of inflammatory cytokines,and chemokines and maturation of immune cells.By introducing the TLRs and relevant signaling pathways,the current research status and application prospects of the recognition of fungal pathogens and activation of corresponding signaling pathways through TLRs were summarized and discussed,and the references for the molecule interactions between innate immune system and pathogenic fungus were provided also in future studies.