ONLAY: Online Layering for scalable asynchronous BFT system

This paper presents a new framework, namely \emph{\onlay}, for scalable asynchronous distributed systems. In this framework, we propose a consensus protocol $L_ϕ$, which is based on the Lachesis protocol~\cite{lachesis01}. At the core of $L_ϕ$ protocol, it introduces to use layering algorithm to achieve practical Byzantine fault tolerance (pBFT) in leaderless asynchronous Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Further, we present new online layering algorithms for the evolutionary DAGs across the nodes. Our new protocol achieves determistic scalable consensus in asynchronous pBFT by using assigned layers and asynchronous partially ordered sets with logical time ordering instead of blockchains. The partial ordering produced by $L_ϕ$ is flexible but consistent across the distributed system of nodes. We then present the formal model of our layering-based consensus. The model is generalized that can be applied to abstract asynchronous DAG-based distributed systems.