TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THREE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ON DIFFERENT HONEY BEE RACES (APIS MELLIFERA L.) (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)

This study consisted of the chemical treatment on three races of forager honey bee workers in Sulaimani-Kurdistan region.The races included, Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera Native.The TITAN 48% herbicide affected Apis mellifera carnica the most by ingestion, leading to 83.67% mortality after 48 h at 1.00 ppm, which increased to 100% at 10.00 ppm.Apis mellifera Native was most affected by the insecticide Goldti5 through feeding, which led to 50.00% mortality after 48 h at 1.0 ppm and rose to 100% at 10.00 ppm.TITAN 48% herbicide had the most severe effect on Apis mellifera ligustica through feeding, leading to almost 100% mortality in all concentrations after 48 h.Laboratory test indicated that fat cells showed a series of changes in the cytoplasm when exposed to the recommended dose.The granulated cytoplasm developed a few droplets while the nucleus remained unchanged.