Effect of Th9/IL-9 on the growth of gastric cancer in nude mice

Objective: By neutralizing IL-9 in a nude mouse model, the study aimed to investigate the role of Th9/IL-9 on the growth of gastric cancer in mice. Materials and methods: Male BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into three groups: a normal control group (Control), an SGC-7901 xenografted nude mice model group (Model), and a rIL-9 treatment group (Treat). The weight of the tumors was recorded to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell frequency of Th9, Th17, and Treg in peripheral blood. The IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-25, VEGF, and TGF-β levels in serum were determined by ELISA. The cellular migration and invasion were investigated by transwell assay. Immunohistochemical and Western blot were used to detect the expression of IL-9, CD34, PU.1, p53, and p21 proteins in gastric cancer tissue. The mRNA expression levels of IL-9, IL-21, and PU.1 in gastric cancer tissue were determined by qRT-PCR. Result: rIL-9 can significantly inhibit the growth of gastric cancer. The frequency of Th9, Th17, and Treg in peripheral blood was decreased upon treatment. The levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-25, VEGF, and TGF-β in serum were significantly reduced in the Treat group compared with the Model group ( P <0.05). rIL-9 can inhibit cellular migration and invasion and reduce the mRNA level of IL-9, IL-21, and PU.1. Meanwhile, in the Treat group, the expression of IL-9, CD34, and PU.1 was significantly reduced, whereas the expression of p53 and p21 was significantly increased compared with the Model group ( P <0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that Th9/IL-9 has a deleterious role in gastric cancer. Keywords: Th9, IL-9, gastric cancer, CD4 T lymphocyte