The influence of city planning on the emergence of heat islands in megacities with a tropical climate (Hanoi)

Introduction. Rapid urbanization causes critical changes in global, as well as changes in earth surface temperature. The transformation of land use purposes significantly affects the surface temperature and exacerbates the effect of the negative heat island. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study to optimize urban cooling. Gives town-planning recommendations for limiting the negative impact of urban heat islands (UHI) on human. Analyzing urban and suburban planning in the city of Hanoi, the author proposes the use of certain town-planning principles that contribute to reducing the effect UHI. Materials and methods. This study is focused on green space using as a means of combating environmental problems due to the effect of urban heat island and creating a favorable urban ecological environment. The definition of the relationship between the ratio of green spaces and a decrease in temperature is given. The analysis was taken from 21 green spaces of the city of Hanoi. Results. The study showed a relationship between the intensity of heat reduction and the shape indicator of green space - a linear inverted system and the positive effect of the green zone on reducing the effects of heat island. Conclusions. One of the most important tasks of a city planner is the placement and adjustment of industrial zones of the city, the main transport arteries of the city, meaning that the placement and planning of industrial, residential and public territories, and also the system of roads depends on the formation of “heat islands”, which in the tropical climate of Vietnam, adversely affects human health.