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Why is the Shape of the Laffer Curve for Consumption Tax Different from that for Labor Income Tax?

Kazuki Hiraga, Kengo Nutahara

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Abstract

Recent studies find that the Laffer curve for consumption tax is not hump-shaped, whereas the Laffer curve for labor income tax is hump-shaped. This study investigates the cause of the difference in the shapes of two Laffer curves. It is shown that the effect on the relative price of leisure (RPL) with respect to the consumption tax rate is completely different from that with respect to the labor income tax rate. The elasticity of the RPL from an increasing consumption tax rate is at most 1, whereas it can be infinity in the case of labor income tax.

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What this paper is about

Recent studies find that the Laffer curve for consumption tax is not hump-shaped, whereas the Laffer curve for labor income tax is hump-shaped. This study investigates the cause of the difference in the shapes of two Laffer curves. It is shown that the effect on the relative price of leisure (RPL) with respect to the consumption tax rate is completely different from that with respect to the labor income tax rate. The elasticity of the RPL from an increasing consumption tax rate is at most 1, whereas it can be infinity in the case of labor income tax.

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Available abstract

Recent studies find that the Laffer curve for consumption tax is not hump-shaped, whereas the Laffer curve for labor income tax is hump-shaped. This study investigates the cause of the difference in the shapes of two Laffer curves. It is shown that the effect on the relative price of leisure (RPL) with respect to the consumption tax rate is completely different from that with respect to the labor income tax rate. The elasticity of the RPL from an increasing consumption tax rate is at most 1, whereas it can be infinity in the case of labor income tax.

Key concepts: Laffer curve, Economics, Consumption (sociology), Consumption tax, Labour economics, Engel curve, State income tax, Tax reform

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