Conscious and unconscious control of spatial action (Update of article in Encyclopedia of Consciousness, 2009, Pages 171-181)

Feedback Feedback control considers action-produced, reafferent stimulation to fine-tune or stop the action, that is, preliminary results of an ongoing process can influence earlier stages of the process in a continuous loop.Feedforward Feedforward control consists of the complete prespecification of an action, which then runs off in a ballistic, context-insensitive fashion.Motor program Originally a concept to refer to lists of muscle instructions, later relaxed to allow for more abstract representations of only the invariant properties of actions.Somatic marker A representation of the affective consequences of an action (action effects), which can be used as a shortcut to the action in selection processes.