The Effect of Hip Assistance Levels on Human Energetic Cost Using Robotic Hip Exoskeletons

In order for the lower limb exoskeletons to realize their considerable potential, a greater understanding of optimal assistive performance is required. While others have shown positive results, the fundamental question of how the exoskeleton interacts with the human remains unknown. Understanding the optimal assistance magnitude is not simply relevant for control, it is a critical knowledge for exoskeleton designers. An accurate understanding of assistance levels will enable the designers to minimize exoskeleton mass and improve the performance by avoiding excessive actuators and drivetrains. We explored the relationship between the assistance magnitude and the energetic cost benefits by using a series elastic actuator driven powered hip exoskeleton. The exoskeleton controller mimics a human biological hip moment to provide the assistance during the gait cycle. Ten able-bodied subjects walked using the exoskeleton with different magnitudes of assistance in both hip flexion and extension. Generally, the resulting metabolic cost across different assistance conditions showed a U-shape trend which was consistent across all subjects (p <; 0.01). The interpreted optimal assistance point through the quadratic fit resulted in a 6% metabolic cost reduction with respect to the no-assistance condition. The study validated that simply increasing the assistance level did not yield higher energetic return.