Cervical dysplasia and HPV

Cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant condition of the cervix. Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer and cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. CIN is a premalignant condition of the uterine cervix. Cervical dysplasia affects women of childbearing age. It is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and is usually detected by screening with cytology. Women with low-grade CIN have minimal potential of progression to malignancy. The goal of management of CIN is to prevent progression to invasive cancer while avoiding overtreatment of lesions that are likely to regress. This chapter discusses the risk factors for cervical dysplasia. It focuses on how effective are the HPV vaccines in preventing cervical dysplasia and cancer. The chapter also discusses the risk of recurrence and progression to cancer with and without treatment for CIN 2 and 3. It explores the management of cervical dysplasia in pregnant patients.