PSVII-11 Survey of Disease, Management and Biosecurity Practices of Hawai`i Swine Farmers.

Although swine diseases and parasites cause significant losses to producers in Hawai’i, limited information is available on changing disease patterns and related farm practices. The objectives of this study were to identify practices used on Hawai’i swine farms and to determine if there is a relationship between those practices and the absence or presence of a disease. A management and biosecurity practices survey was administered to farmers (n=22). Survey questions were analyzed by region, sow population, and disease presence using agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Most common practices included cooking food waste (94% of farmers feeding food waste), administering an anthelmintic (68%), and feral pig exclusion (68%). Challenges faced by farmers include on-farm sale biosecurity, limited access to veterinary specialists, and excluding vermin from the production area. In addition, serological samples (n=315) from swine farms (n=45 out of 200 farms) were tested and found positive for antibodies against Porcine Circovirus Type 2b (PCV ELISA; 98% positive), Senecavirus (SVA IFA; 58%), Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED IFA; 31%) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS ELISA; 16%). Fecal flotation detected coccidia oocysts (59%) on every island, and Ascaris suum (14%), Oesophagostomum dentatum (14%), Metastrongylus spp.(3%), Trichuris suis (3%), and Stephanurus dentatus (3%) ova on O’ahu, Molokai, and Hawai’i. Analysis indicates that disease prevalence is related to the movement of pigs both within island and between islands, as Kaua’i, which is protected by quarantine, has remained negative for PRRS and PED, and Molokai, which sees less interisland traffic, is negative for PRRS, PED, and SVA. Geographical patterns in disease distribution assist biosecurity and management practice recommendations, the design of vaccination protocols, and the judicious use of antibiotics.