2015•Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)Open access

New Horizons spacecraft successful flew by Pluto and its moons

Su Wang, Jianghui Ji, Y. T. Jiang

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Abstract

New Horizons is an interplanetary spacecraft that was launched on January 19, 2006, as part of NASA's New Frontiers Program. On July 14 2015, the spacecraft successful flew by Pluto and its moons after a roughly 10-year-long journey with approximately five billion kilometers, making it the nearest human spacecraft to this dwarf planet so far. The received scientific data from New Horizons show that, Pluto has a heart-shaped region consisting of vast frozen plains, and a range of youthful icy mountains as high as 3500 m above the surface of equator.The spectra reveal an abundance of methane ice with significant differences across the frozen surface of Pluto. Pluto's first moon Charon displays young and diverse landscape with two great canyons as well as a depression with a peak in the middle with few visible craters distributing around. In addition, New Horizons first obtained surface characteristics and other properties of Pluto's second moon Nix and third Hydra. It will venture deeper into the distant Kuiper Belt and help us uncover the mystery of the Solar system edge.

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New Horizons is an interplanetary spacecraft that was launched on January 19, 2006, as part of NASA's New Frontiers Program. On July 14 2015, the spacecraft successful flew by Pluto and its moons after a roughly 10-year-long journey with approximately five billion kilometers, making it the nearest human spacecraft to this dwarf planet so far. The received scientific data from New Horizons show that, Pluto has a heart-shaped region consisting of vast frozen plains, and a range of youthful icy mountains as high as 3500 m above the surface of equator.The spectra reveal an abundance of methane ice with significant differences across the frozen surface of Pluto. Pluto's first moon Charon displays young and diverse landscape with two great canyons as well as a depression with a peak in the middle with few visible craters distributing around. In addition, New Horizons first obtained surface characteristics and other properties of Pluto's second moon Nix and third Hydra. It will venture deeper into the distant Kuiper Belt and help us uncover the mystery of the Solar system edge.

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Available abstract

New Horizons is an interplanetary spacecraft that was launched on January 19, 2006, as part of NASA's New Frontiers Program. On July 14 2015, the spacecraft successful flew by Pluto and its moons after a roughly 10-year-long journey with approximately five billion kilometers, making it the nearest human spacecraft to this dwarf planet so far. The received scientific data from New Horizons show that, Pluto has a heart-shaped region consisting of vast frozen plains, and a range of youthful icy mountains as high as 3500 m above the surface of equator.The spectra reveal an abundance of methane ice with significant differences across the frozen surface of Pluto. Pluto's first moon Charon displays young and diverse landscape with two great canyons as well as a depression with a peak in the middle with few visible craters distributing around. In addition, New Horizons first obtained surface characteristics and other properties of Pluto's second moon Nix and third Hydra. It will venture deeper into the distant Kuiper Belt and help us uncover the mystery of the Solar system edge.

Key concepts: Pluto, New horizons, Astrobiology, Spacecraft, Geology, Icy moon, Aerospace engineering, Astronomy

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