An overview on different methods of Domestic Waste Management and Energy generation in India

We are moving towards sustainable energy generation by using non-conventional energy generation source so that we can limit the use of fossil fuel. The deposit of fossil fuel is limited and is already under crisis. So it is high time that we have to shift our focus of generating source. There are numerous non-conventional sources for the generation of energy. But the problem with these sources is that continuous supply of power is not available. Moreover, there is lot of storage issues when it comes to solar power or Hydro power. Every time use of battery bank is not feasible. Also installation of battery bank requires huge maintenance and subsequently the cost of the project increases. This becomes a major challenge in the installation of plants with non-conventional energy sources. But energy developed using Domestic/ Municipal Solid Waste has the potential to deliver continuous power. Our country generates thousands of tons of municipal solid waste daily. So we have huge potential of energy generation from wastes. Moreover, if domestic wastes are not collected, segregated and disposed properly, then is a serious aspect which causes environmental degradation. This problem will also find its solution where we can limit environmental pollution caused due to waste. In this paper a brief review of municipal solid waste management system is given which helps in energy generation and can be a step to mitigate energy crisis using developing technology. Also different method of energy generation from wastes are described and method of incineration, Anaerobic Digestion and Pyrolysis, are described for waste to energy (WTE) conversion and there application in India is also discussed. We still being a developing country, cannot mobilize enough funds for proper collection and segregation of wastes. This becomes a key challenge and needs to find solution with proper implementation of strict laws and regulation. This also becomes major cause for failure of such power plants which runs on wastes.