Targeting splicing factors as molecular non-muscle invasive bladder cancer predictors

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, with an estimated diagnosis of 60,490 new cases and 12,240 deaths in the United States in 2017 (1). Nearly 75% of bladder cancer patients are diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which consists of stages Ta, T1, and carcinoma in situ (CIS). NMIBC is rarely lethal, but 50–70% of patients experience disease recurrence and 10–30% of patients’ progress to life-threatening muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (2).