Determination of rotational temperature from molecular wave-functions

This paper provides a method for determining the rotational temperature of a molecular ensemble subject to a pump pulse. To implement it, we measure the rotational energy by using the molecular wave function, take the rotational energy as the thermal energy, and extract the rotational temperature. This method is able to follow the dynamics of rotational temperature, calculate the temperature increase during the interaction with the pump pulse, and predict the cause. An accurate rotational temperature ensures better information about molecular ensembles.