Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis and Applications in Photocatalysis, Energy and Biology

Mesoporous materials are materials with high surface area and intrinsic porosity, and therefore have attracted great research interest due to these unique structures. Mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is one of the most widely studied mesoporous materials given its special characters and enormous applications. In this article, we highlight the significant work on mesoporous TiO₂ including syntheses and applications, particularly in the field of photocatalysis, energy and biology. Different synthesis methods of mesoporous TiO₂-including sol⁻gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal method, and other template methods-are covered and compared. The applications in photocatalysis, new energy batteries and in biological fields are demonstrated. New research directions and significant challenges of mesoporous TiO₂ are also discussed.