Complex Orbital Fractures: Three-Dimensional Planning and Combined Surgical Approach

Nowadays the development of diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, alloplastic materials, and surgical instruments has made possible a more accurate management of orbital fractures. The aim of the present study was the management of orbital fractures and the solution of particular cases. The use of high-resolution computed tomography makes possible to gain a better understanding of the complex orbit anatomical structure. Also endoscopy is a valid alternative for medial orbital wall fractures treatment. It gives high control of the fracture site and its reduction. When this technology is combined with 3-dimensional (3D) reformatted images, it allows us to reconstruct more accurately the orbital defects. The authors present their experience in complex orbital fractures treated with the aim of the 3D navigation using a preformed orbital titanium plate. Endosopical approach was used to control plate positioning.