2018arXiv (Cornell University)Open access

Negative Cosmological Constant is Consistent with Cosmological Data

Koushik Dutta, Ruchika Ruchika, Anirban Roy, Anjan A. Sen, M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

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Abstract

Assuming that the Universe at higher redshifts (z \sim 4 and beyond) is consistent with LCDM model as constrained by the Planck measurements, we reanalyze the low redshift cosmological data to reconstruct the Hubble parameter as a function of redshift in a model independent way. This enables us to address the H_0 and other tensions between low z observations and high z Planck measurement from CMB. From H(z), we reconstruct the energy density for the `dark energy' sector of the Universe as a function of redshift and find that the dark energy density has a minimum for certain redshift range and that this \rho_{DE}^{min} is negative. This behavior can most simply be described by a negative cosmological constant plus a dark energy sector which has a phantom crossing. We discuss possible theoretical and observational implications of such a scenario.

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What this paper is about

Assuming that the Universe at higher redshifts (z \sim 4 and beyond) is consistent with LCDM model as constrained by the Planck measurements, we reanalyze the low redshift cosmological data to reconstruct the Hubble parameter as a function of redshift in a model independent way. This enables us to address the H_0 and other tensions between low z observations and high z Planck measurement from CMB. From H(z), we reconstruct the energy density for the `dark energy' sector of the Universe as a function of redshift and find that the dark energy density has a minimum for certain redshift range and that this \rho_{DE}^{min} is negative. This behavior can most simply be described by a negative cosmological constant plus a dark energy sector which has a phantom crossing. We discuss possible theoretical and observational implications of such a scenario.

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Available abstract

Assuming that the Universe at higher redshifts (z \sim 4 and beyond) is consistent with LCDM model as constrained by the Planck measurements, we reanalyze the low redshift cosmological data to reconstruct the Hubble parameter as a function of redshift in a model independent way. This enables us to address the H_0 and other tensions between low z observations and high z Planck measurement from CMB. From H(z), we reconstruct the energy density for the `dark energy' sector of the Universe as a function of redshift and find that the dark energy density has a minimum for certain redshift range and that this \rho_{DE}^{min} is negative. This behavior can most simply be described by a negative cosmological constant plus a dark energy sector which has a phantom crossing. We discuss possible theoretical and observational implications of such a scenario.

Key concepts: Physics, Dark energy, Redshift, Cosmic microwave background, Planck, Hubble's law, Astrophysics, Cosmological constant

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