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2006•European Cardiology ReviewOpen access

Developments in Conventional Pacing – Harmful Effects of Pacing the Right Ventricular Apex and Strategies to Avoid it

Mark C. S. Hall, Johan E. P. Waktare

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Abstract

Introduction Since the inception of cardiac pacing, the favoured site has been the right ventricular apex (RVA). The RVA is popular as it is usually straightforward, provides stable lead position and is associated with few complications. A critical re-evaluation of this practice is occurring, however. There is accumulating evidence that RVA pacing causes adverse effects on left ventricular (LV) function,1,2-4 and is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF)5,6 and death.7

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Introduction Since the inception of cardiac pacing, the favoured site has been the right ventricular apex (RVA). The RVA is popular as it is usually straightforward, provides stable lead position and is associated with few complications. A critical re-evaluation of this practice is occurring, however. There is accumulating evidence that RVA pacing causes adverse effects on left ventricular (LV) function,1,2-4 and is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF)5,6 and death.7

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Available abstract

Introduction Since the inception of cardiac pacing, the favoured site has been the right ventricular apex (RVA). The RVA is popular as it is usually straightforward, provides stable lead position and is associated with few complications. A critical re-evaluation of this practice is occurring, however. There is accumulating evidence that RVA pacing causes adverse effects on left ventricular (LV) function,1,2-4 and is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF)5,6 and death.7

Key concepts: Apex (geometry), Ventricular pacing, Cardiology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Cardiac pacing, Lead (geology), Ventricular function

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