Genitives and other cases in old Norse-Icelandic

represents an earlier layer of Indo-European, an investigation of the Nom-Gen construction in Sanskrit should reveal the existence and nature of the conceptual link between the adnominal and the adverbal genitive, which Toft hypothesizes existed.The Rigveda contains approximately 150,000-170,000 words of running text, and 129 transitive verbs have been identified (Dahl 2009).Of these 129, only 17 occur with a genitive object:(2) ad-'eat', aś 'consume', īś 'control', ūh 'observe', kan-/kā 'be satisfied with', kam 'long for', kar-(2) 'praise', kṣay-(2) 'have power over', cet-'behold, see', jambh-'bite', joṣ 'be pleased with', tarp-'enjoy', pā-(1) 'drink', mad-'take pleasure in', man-'comprehend', rāj 'rule over', vay i -'wish', ved-'find, learn, know', śrav-'hear, listen to'These can be divided into the following lexical semantic verb classes (17 types):(3) Emotion: kan-/kā 'be satisfied with', kam 'long for', joṣ 'be pleased with', tarp-'enjoy', mad-'take pleasure in', vay i -'wish' Cognition: ūh 'observe', cet-'behold, see', man-'comprehend', ved-'find, learn, know', śrav-'hear, listen to' Consumption: ad-'eat', aś 'consume', pā-(1) 'drink', jambh-'bite' Authority/Control: īś 'control', kṣay-(2) 'have power over', manrāj 'rule over' Praising: kar-(2) 'praise' A comparison with an Old Norse-Icelandic corpus, compiled by the author, yields the following lexical semantic verb classes (24 types) (Barðdal 2008: 75-76):(4) Asking and wishing: biðjast (hjálpar) 'ask for help', leita (að stoðar) 'ask (for help), spyrja (spurninga) 'ask (questions)', óska 'wish' Cognition: gæta 'take into consideration', vera fullviss 'be sure', verða áskynja 'realize', verða vísari 'find out', verða vart 'be aware of' Emotion: njóta 'enjoy', sakna 'miss', skammast (sín) 'be ashamed (of oneself)', vænta 'expect', þurfa 'need' Social influence: mega (sín) 'be influential', njóta (hylli) 'be popular' Genitives and other Cases in Old Norse-Icelandic 141