Collect Seasons, Indolebutyric Acid and Substrates on Rooting of ‘Bengal’ Lychee Cuttings

Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) propagation by cuttings is a promising alternative in commercial production of seedlings, since it is an easy procedure, in addition to enabling the standardization in the field and the reduction in production costs. Therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate ‘Bengal’ lychee cuttings rooting, collected in spring and summer, using different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, with 5 replications and 10 cuttings per plot, and the following factors were adopted: IBA concentrations (0; 1,000 and 2,000 mg L-1) and types of substrates (carbonized rice husk, vermiculite medium granules and coconut fiber). At 140 days, the following variables were evaluated: cuttings survival; leaf maintenance; cuttings unrooted with calli; cuttings rooted; roots number per cutting; root length and root dry mass. In addition, the pH, electrical conductivity, density and water retention capacity of the substrates were evaluated. There was no difference in IBA concentrations applied in both evaluated periods. However, in the spring, the carbonized rice husk provided highest mean for the measured variables. On the other hand, in the summer, the rooting percentage presented a lower average in all substrates (< 1%), independent of the IBA concentrations. It was concluded that the ‘Bengal’ lychee propagation by cutting can be carried out in the spring, using carbonized rice husk as substrate, without IBA.