Vortex shedding from bluff bodies

The basic mechanisms of vortex shedding from two-dimensional bluff bodies are revisited, and recent findings are described regarding the application of stability analysis and the presence of three-dimensional features in vortex streets shed from nominally two-dimensional bodies. The mean and fluctuating forces acting on bluff bodies as a consequence of vortex shedding are analysed, considering the influence of geometry and of the various parameters affecting the flow. The performance and limitations of various numerical prediction procedures are also discussed. Subsequently, the effects of different methods for interacting with regular vortex shedding are examined, and some aspects of vortex shedding from three-dimensional bodies are described, with particular attention to finite-length cylinders and prisms. The complex flow configurations that may derive from interference effects are then briefly considered, emphasizing the deep modifications they may produce on the aerodynamic forces. Finally, possible directions for future research activities aimed at increasing the present understanding and prediction capabilities are indicated.